解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Lost wax casting is an industrial process which permits the transmutation into metal of models made in wax. The wax model is covered with a silicaceous shell of the required thickness and once this shell is built the set is heated and wax melted. Liquid metal is then cast into the shell replacing the wax. When the met...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci156
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, NASA established a consortium involving the University of Tennessee (lead institution), the University of Houston, Roanoke College and various government and national laboratories, to accelerate the development of a standard set of radiation transport computer codes for NASA human exploration applications. T...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci092
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Composite neutron scintillators consisting of neutron-insensitive fluorescent dopant particles (e.g. ZnS:Ag) embedded in a matrix material containing isotopes with high neutron cross sections that emit energetic charged particles (e.g. 6Li) are a popular method for neutron detection in a variety of applications. The s...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci121
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS01), a high-sensitivity particle spectrometer, was successfully flown for 10 d in June 1998 (STS91) in the orbit of the International Space Station (51.7 degrees, -380 km). A high-statistics dataset of galactic cosmic rays were measured as a function of geomagnetic latitude, includi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci071
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A project to construct the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) is currently underway targeting a high-intensity proton beam with an average current of 4.8 mA. As for the first stage of construction, a 20 MeV linac is planned to be built by 2007 and additional DTL sections will be added to increase the prot...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci066
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the introduction of continuous-energy heavy charged particle transport in MCNP5, the need for tracking charged particles in a magnetic field becomes increasingly important. Two methods for including magnetic field effects on charged particles are included in the proton transport version of the code. The first tec...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci048
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An underground station for the measurement of low-level radioactivity is in operation in Northern Italy in the town of Como under the Baradello hill. The rock cover is -300 m water equivalent. This paper reports about the preliminary measurements carried out to characterise the site of the Baradello hill and the insta...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci163
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Across the globe nuclear utilities are in the process of designing and analysing Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations (ISFSI) for the purpose of above ground spent-fuel storage primarily to mitigate the filling of spent-fuel pools. Using a conjoining of discrete ordinates transport theory (DORT) and Monte Carl...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci279
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of fast neutron therapy and boron neutron capture therapy is currently being studied as a possible treatment for some radio-resistant brain tumours. In an attempt to design a boron-enhanced fast neutron therapy beam for the Fermilab Fast Neutron Therapy Facility, the use of moderating material surround...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci256
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radioactive liquid wastes of low-medium activity level are generated in radio immune assay (RIA) laboratories, which are also potentially infectious because of the pathogens from patient blood. The most common way of managing these wastes consists of a temporal storage, for partial radioactivity decay, followed by man...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci076
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::BNFL have over 25 years experience of designing nuclear plant for the whole-fuel cycle. In the UK, a Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) is to be set up to ensure that Britain's nuclear legacy is cleaned up safely, securely and cost effectively. The resulting challenges and opportunities for shielding design will ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci171
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epithermal neutron beam at the LVR-15 reactor was designed for the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of cancers, but it has also been used for material testing. In the case where the beam is closed with two designed shutters, there is still an indispensable background in the irradiation room, which limits the m...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci112
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::STAC8 is a significant improvement upon its predecessor PHOTON and is a valuable analytical code for quick and conservative beamline shielding designs for synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities. In order to check the applicability, accuracy and limitations of STAC8, studies were conducted to compare the results of STAC...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci207
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method using europium-doped BaFBr imaging plates (IPs) has been studied for mapping entrance skin doses during interventional radiology (IR); the mapping is useful for detecting overlap between irradiation fields and determining the most exposed skin areas. IPs, which are two-dimensional radiation sensors made of ph...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch468
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on the daily urinary excretion of thorium (Th) was obtained from 15 non-exposed adult German subjects. A radiochemical neutron activation analysis method was developed and standardised especially for this purpose. The daily urinary excretion of 232Th was found to be in the range 1.9-14.9 microBq d(-1) with a mean...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch482
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose estimation in interventional neuroradiology can be useful to limit skin radiation injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of entrance skin dose (ESD) maps in planning exposure condition optimisation. Thirteen cerebral angiography and five embolisation procedures were monitored, measuring ESD,...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci759
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the performances of angiographic units equipped with a flat-panel (FP) detector and image intensifier (II) charge-coupled device (CCD) in the Interventional Cardiology (IC) Department. Entrance dose rate and dose per image, along with the dose at the II level were measured using 2 mm copper sheets to simu...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci746
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doses in radiology should be as low as reasonably achievable. In order to compare practice in different centres it is necessary to compare patient doses. This can only be undertaken if dosimetry studies are similar. In order to facilitate comparisons, the DIMOND consortium developed a patient dosimetry protocol. Refer...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci715
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Full field digital mammography (FFDM) has advantages over screen-film mammography (SFM), but some important challenges remain. The first challenge is related to the specific characteristics of FFDM. It remains unclear, which shape and limiting values of the modulation transfer function have the most influence on the p...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci729
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A methodology for the evaluation of skin dose distribution and possible skin injuries on patients undergoing interventional procedures has been developed as part of the European DIMOND programme. Relevant dosimetric data from the procedures are recorded and other specific measurements for skin dose evaluation (slow fi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci714
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has published two reports giving recommendations dealing with the avoidance of deterministic injuries in interventional radiology and the management of patient dose in digital radiology in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Another document, on radiation protect...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci702
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Institute of Standards and Technology developed a new set of test sources for testing of portal monitors against the ANSI standard N42.35-2004. The design and source specifications are provided in this work. ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch422
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radon is one of the noble gases, which are chemically inert and do not make any reactants under normal conditions. In this experiment we demonstrated an enigmatic reaction between radon and fluorine when a corona discharge is used as a promoter. Distinctive changes in radon concentrations were caused by the discharge ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci311
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exploration of the solar system beyond Earth's orbit will entail many risks for the crew on these deep space missions. One of the most significant health risks is exposure to the harsh space radiation environment beyond the protection provided by the Earth's intrinsic magnetic field. Crew on exploration missions...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci141
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A passively safe small reactor for a distributed energy system, PSRD, is an integral type of light-water reactor with a thermal output of 100 or 300 MW aimed to be used for supplying district heat, electricity to small grids, and so on. Candidate locations for the PSRD as a distributed energy source are on-ground, dee...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci208
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The powerful white neutron spectrum from Gelina is used for the investigation of gamma ray production cross sections in the reaction 52Cr(n,n'gamma)52Cr. The gamma rays from the inelastic process are detected with two large volume HPGe detectors placed at 110 degrees and 150 degrees with respect to the beam direction....
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci199
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, the electromagnetic interference on hearing aids was evaluated. Electromagnetic (EM) immunity tests on different types of hearing aids were carried out, using signals of intensity and modulation comparable to those present in the environment. The purpose of this work is to characterise the interference, ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch052
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In actual conditions of use, the power radiated from cellular phones changes during conversation depending on several factors. Upon request from the radio base station (RBS), the phone in fact, reduces, its power to a level that is deemed optimum for the quality of conversation. In this study, special phones, which ha...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch062
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three general principles of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are: justification, optimisation (ALARA) and dose limitation. The principle application of optimisation (ALARA) for occupational exposures of workers or the public to external radiation is reliant on low doses being assessed...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch094
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The newsletter 'European Research in Radiological Sciences' is jointly published by the European Late Effects Project Group and the European Radiation Dosimetry Group to disseminate information about research projects and activities carried out under the EURATOM Framework Programme. Since May 2003, the Newsletter is o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch095
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neutron dose equivalent in aircraft is measured using commercial bubble detectors, but at high altitudes there are not only neutrons but also protons. Bubble detectors have been used because they are considered not to be sensitive to protons, but this has been the subject of only a few studies. In this study, by i...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch330
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dose performance of a flat-panel (FP) and an image intensifier (II) charge coupled device (CCD) digital fluoroscopy X-ray systems newly installed in an Interventional Cardiology (IC) department. Filter entrance dose rate, detector dose rate (during fluoroscopy) and filter e...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch344
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of performance tests verifying the dosimetric properties of dosimetric systems are published in various reports (e.g. IAEA and EURADOS). However, there is hardly any information in the open literature relating to the uncertainty in a dose measurement or in the annual dose, which is increased by failure of the ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch287
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported recently that the A-bomb gamma ray spectra received by the colon of the average Japanese survivor of Hiroshima and Nagasaki may be experimentally simulated using a hospital-based Philips SL15 linear accelerator. The simulated A-bomb gamma radiation may be used in radiobiology experiments to determ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch320
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose limiting factor for 131I therapy in patients with thyroid cancer is myelotoxicity, thus an accurate determination of radioiodine activity in the red marrow is of paramount importance. The reference method for red marrow dosimetry in radiometabolic therapy is based on the measurement of radioiodine kinetics, p...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch041
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, the MCNP4B code has been employed to calculate conversion coefficients from air kerma to the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10)/Ka, for monoenergetic photon energies from 10 keV to 50 MeV, assuming the kerma approximation. Also estimated are the H*(10)/Ka for photon beams produced by linear accelerators, su...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch351
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the uncertainties for nuclear track detectors used in radon measurements, a full understanding is required of the physical phenomena involved and the behaviour of the instruments utilised in the measuring process. As it concerns the LR115 nuclear track detector, an overall evaluation of uncertainty was giv...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch361
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents the results obtained for thoron concentration in 50 single-family dwellings in normal occupancy conditions (open house conditions), measured by a passive electret system (type E-PERM, SSTB configuration) in a 2001-2002 monitoring survey in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City. The results show the ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch371
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is atmospheric dispersion forecasting an important asset of the early-phase nuclear emergency response management? Is there a 'perfect atmospheric dispersion model'? Is there a way to make the results of dispersion models more reliable and trustworthy? While seeking to answer these questions the multi-model ensemble d...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch261
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US has far-reaching and extensive experience in the long-term management of areas contaminated with radioactive materials. This experience base includes the Department of Energy's continued follow-up with Hiroshima and Nagasaki from the 1940s at the Radiological Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima, Japan, the...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch255
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00